User Commands as(1)
NAME
as - assembler
SYNOPSIS
SPARC
as [-b] [-i] [ -K {pic,PIC}] [-L] [-m] [-n] [-o outfile]
[-P] [-Dname] [-Dname=def] [-Ipath] [-Uname...] [-q] [-Qy |
n] [-s] [ -S [a | b | c | l | A | B | C | L] ] [-T] [-V]
[-xarch=v7 | -xarch=v8 | -xarch=v8a | -xarch=v8plus |
-xarch=v8plusa | -xarch=v8plusb | -xarch=v9 | -xarch=v9a
| -xarch=v9b ] [-xF] [-Y dirname] filename...
x86
as [-b] [-i] [ -K PIC] [-L] [-m] [-n] [-o outfile] [-P] [-
Dname] [-Dname=def] [-Ipath] [-Uname...] [-Qy | n] [-s] [
-S [a | b | c | l | A | B | C | L] ] [-T] [-V] [
-xarch=generic64 | -xarch=amd64] [-Y dirname] [-xmodel= [
SMALL | KERNEL ]] filename...
DESCRIPTION
The as command creates object files from assembly language
source files.
OPTIONS
Common Options
The following flags are common to both SPARC and x86. They
may be specified in any order:
-b
Generates extra symbol table information.
-i
Ignore line number information from preprocessor.
-K pic | PIC
Generates position-independent code.
-L
Saves all symbols, including temporary labels that are
normally discarded to save space, in the ELF symbol
table.
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User Commands as(1)
-m
Runs the m4(1) macro processor on the input to the
assembler.
-n
Suppresses all the warnings while assembling.
-o outfile
Puts the output of the assembly in outfile. By default,
the output file name is formed by removing the .s suf-
fix, if there is one, from the input file name and
appending a .o suffix.
-P
Runs cpp(1), the C preprocessor, on the files being
assembled. The preprocessor is run separately on each
input file, not on their concatenation. The preprocessor
output is passed to the assembler.
-Dname
-Dname=def
When the -P option is in effect, these options are
passed to the cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation
by the as command; otherwise, they are ignored.
-Ipath
When the -P option is in effect, this option is passed
to the cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by the
as command; otherwise, it is ignored.
-Uname
When the -P option is in effect, this option is passed
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User Commands as(1)
to the cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by the
as command; otherwise, it is ignored.
-Qy | n
If y is specified, this option produces the "assembler
version" information in the comment section of the out-
put object file. If n is specified, the information is
suppressed.
-s
Places all stabs in the .stabs section. By default,
stabs are placed in stabs.excl sections, which are
stripped out by the static linker, ld(1), during final
execution. When the -s option is used, stabs remain in
the final executable because .stab sections are not
stripped by the static linker.
-S[a|b|c|l|A|B|C|L]
Produces a disassembly of the emitted code to the stan-
dard output. Adding each of the following characters to
the -S option produces:
a disassembling with address
b disassembling with ".bof"
c disassembling with comments
l disassembling with line numbers
Capital letters turn the switch off for the correspond-
ing option.
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User Commands as(1)
-T
This is a migration option for 4.x assembly files to be
assembled on 5.x systems. With this option, the symbol
names in 4.x assembly files will be interpreted as 5.x
symbol names.
-V
Writes the version number of the assembler being run on
the standard error output.
-xF
Allows function reordering by the Performance Analyzer.
If you compile with the -xF option, and then run the
Performance Analyzer, you can generate a map file that
shows an optimized order for the functions. The subse-
quent link to build the executable file can be directed
to use that map file by using the linker -M mapfile
option. It places each function from the executable file
into a separate section.
-Y dirname
Specify directory m4 and/or cm4def.
Options for SPARC only
-q
Performs a quick assembly. When the -q option is used,
many error checks are not performed. Note: This option
disables many error checks. Use of this option to assem-
ble handwritten assembly language is not recommended.
-xarch=v7
This option instructs the assembler to accept instruc-
tions defined in the SPARC version 7 (V7) architecture.
The resulting object code is in ELF format.
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User Commands as(1)
-xarch=v8
This option instructs the assembler to accept instruc-
tions defined in the SPARC-V8 architecture, less the
quad-precision floating-point instructions. The result-
ing object code is in ELF format.
-xarch=v8a
This option instructs the assembler to accept instruc-
tions defined in the SPARC-V8 architecture, less the
quad-precision floating-point instructions and less the
fsmuld instruction. The resulting object code is in ELF
format. This is the default choice of the
-xarch=options.
-xarch=v8plus
This option instructs the assembler to accept instruc-
tions defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture, less the
quad-precision floating-point instructions. The result-
ing object code is in ELF format. It will not execute on
a Solaris V8 system (a machine with a V8 processor). It
will execute on a Solaris V8+ system. This combination
is a SPARC 64-bit processor and a 32-bit OS.
-xarch=v8plusa
This option instructs the assembler to accept instruc-
tions defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture, less the
quad-precision floating-point instructions, plus the
instructions in the Visual Instruction Set (VIS). The
resulting object code is in V8+ ELF format. It will not
execute on a Solaris V8 system (a machine with a V8 pro-
cessor). It will execute on a Solaris V8+ system
-xarch=v8plusb
This option enables the assembler to accept instructions
defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture, plus the instruc-
tions in the Visual Instruction Set (VIS), with
UltraSPARC-III extensions. The resulting object code is
in V8+ ELF32 format. It executes only on an
UltraSPARC-III processor.
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User Commands as(1)
-xarch=v9
This option limits the instruction set to the SPARC-V9
architecture. The resulting .o object files are in 64-
bit ELF format and can only be linked with other object
files in the same format. The resulting executable can
only be run on a 64-bit SPARC processor running 64-bit
Solaris with the 64-bit kernel.
-xarch=v9a
This option limits the instruction set to the SPARC-V9
architecture, adding the Visual Instruction Set (VIS)
and extensions specific to UltraSPARC processors. The
resulting .o object files are in 64-bit ELF format and
can only be linked with other object files in the same
format. The resulting executable can only be run on a
64-bit SPARC processor running 64-bit Solaris with the
64-bit kernel.
-xarch=v9b
This option enables the assembler to accept instructions
defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture, plus the Visual
Instruction Set (VIS), with UltraSPARC-III extensions.
The resulting .o object files are in ELF64 format and
can only be linked with other V9 object files in the
same format. The resulting executable can only be run on
a 64-bit UltraSPARC-III pro cessor running a 64-bit
Solaris operating environment with the 64-bit kernel.
Options for x86 Only
--xarch=generic64
Limits the instruction set to AMD64. The resulting
object code is in 64-bit ELF format.
--xarch=amd64
Limits the instruction set to AMD64. The resulting
object code is in 64-bit ELF format.
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User Commands as(1)
-xmodel=[SMALL | KERNEL]
For AMD64 only, generate R_X86_64_32S relocatable type
for static data access under KERNEL. Otherwise, generate
R_X86_64_32 under SMALL. SMALL is the default.
OPERANDS
The following operand is supported:
filename Assembly language source file
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
TMPDIR The as command normally creates temporary
files in the directory /tmp. Another direc-
tory may be specified by setting the
environment variable TMPDIR to the chosen
directory. (If TMPDIR is not a valid direc-
tory, then as will use /tmp).
FILES
By default, as creates its temporary files in /tmp.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWsprot |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
cc(1B), cpp(1),ld(1), m4(1), nm(1), strip(1), tmpnam(3C),
a.out(4), attributes(5)
dbx and analyzer manual pages available with Sun Studio
documentation.
NOTES
If the -m option, which invokes the m4(1) macro processor,
is used, keywords for m4 cannot be used as symbols (vari-
ables, functions, labels) in the input file, since m4 cannot
determine which keywords are assembler symbols and which
keywords are real m4 macros.
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User Commands as(1)
Whenever possible, access the assembler through a compila-
tion system interface program such as cc(1B).
All undefined symbols are treated as global.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 16 Sep 2005 8
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Friday, 1 January 2010
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