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Friday 1 January 2010

awk man page

User Commands                                              awk(1)



NAME
     awk - pattern scanning and processing language

SYNOPSIS
     /usr/bin/awk [-f progfile] [-Fc] [ '  prog  ']  [parameters]
     [filename...]

     /usr/xpg4/bin/awk  [-FcERE]   [-v assignment...]   'program'
     -f progfile... [argument...]

DESCRIPTION
     The /usr/xpg4/bin/awk utility is described  on  the  nawk(1)
     manual page.

     The /usr/bin/awk utility scans each input filename for lines
     that  match  any of a set of patterns specified in prog. The
     prog string must be enclosed in single quotes ( ')  to  pro-
     tect  it  from the shell. For each pattern in prog there can
     be an associated action performed when a line of a  filename
     matches  the  pattern.  The set of pattern-action statements
     can appear literally as prog or in a file specified with the
     -f  progfile option. Input files are read in order; if there
     are no files, the standard input is read. The file name  '-'
     means the standard input.

OPTIONS
     The following options are supported:

     -f progfile     awk uses the set of patterns it  reads  from
                     progfile.



     -Fc             Uses the character c as the field  separator
                     (FS)  character.   See  the discussion of FS
                     below.



USAGE
  Input Lines
     Each input line is matched against the  pattern  portion  of
     every  pattern-action  statement;  the  associated action is
     performed for each matched pattern. Any filename of the form
     var=value  is  treated as an assignment, not a filename, and
     is executed at the time it would have been opened if it were
     a filename. Variables assigned in this manner are not avail-
     able inside a BEGIN rule, and are assigned after  previously
     specified files have been read.

     An input line is normally made up  of  fields  separated  by
     white  spaces.  (This default can be changed by using the FS



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User Commands                                              awk(1)



     built-in variable or the -Fc  option.)  The  default  is  to
     ignore  leading  blanks  and  to  separate  fields by blanks
     and/or tab characters. However, if FS is  assigned  a  value
     that  does not include any of the white spaces, then leading
     blanks are not ignored. The fields are denoted $1, $2,  ...;
     $0 refers to the entire line.

  Pattern-action Statements
     A pattern-action statement has the form:


     pattern { action }


     Either pattern or action can be  omitted.  If  there  is  no
     action,  the  matching  line is printed. If there is no pat-
     tern, the action is performed on every input line.  Pattern-
     action statements are separated by newlines or semicolons.

     Patterns are arbitrary Boolean combinations ( !, ||, &&, and
     parentheses)  of  relational expressions and regular expres-
     sions. A relational expression is one of the following:


     expression relop expression
     expression matchop regular_expression



     where a relop is any of the six relational operators  in  C,
     and  a  matchop  is either ~ (contains) or !~ (does not con-
     tain). An expression is an arithmetic  expression,  a  rela-
     tional expression, the special expression


     var in array



     or a Boolean combination of these.

     Regular expressions are as in  egrep(1).  In  patterns  they
     must  be surrounded by slashes. Isolated regular expressions
     in a pattern apply to the entire line.  Regular  expressions
     can also occur in relational expressions. A pattern can con-
     sist of two patterns separated by a comma; in this case, the
     action  is performed for all lines between the occurrence of
     the first pattern to the occurrence of the second pattern.

     The special patterns BEGIN and END can be  used  to  capture
     control  before the first input line has been read and after
     the last  input  line  has  been  read  respectively.  These



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User Commands                                              awk(1)



     keywords do not combine with any other patterns.

  Built-in Variables
     Built-in variables include:

     FILENAME        name of the current input file



     FS              input  field  separator  regular  expression
                     (default blank and tab)



     NF              number of fields in the current record



     NR              ordinal number of the current record



     OFMT            output format for numbers (default %.6g)



     OFS             output field separator (default blank)



     ORS             output record separator (default new-line)



     RS              input record separator (default new-line)



     An action is a sequence of statements. A  statement  can  be
     one of the following:


     if ( expression ) statement [ else statement ]
     while ( expression ) statement
     do statement while ( expression )
     for ( expression ; expression ; expression ) statement
     for ( var in array ) statement
     break
     continue
     { [ statement ] ... }
     expression      # commonly variable = expression
     print [ expression-list ] [ >expression ]



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User Commands                                              awk(1)



     printf format [ ,expression-list ] [ >expression ]
     next            # skip remaining patterns on this input line
     exit [expr]     # skip the rest of the input; exit status is expr



     Statements are terminated by semicolons, newlines, or  right
     braces.  An empty expression-list stands for the whole input
     line. Expressions  take  on  string  or  numeric  values  as
     appropriate,  and  are built using the operators +, -, *, /,
     %, ^ and concatenation (indicated by a blank). The operators
     ++, --, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, ^=, >, >=, <, <=, ==, !=, and ?:
     are also available in expressions. Variables can be scalars,
     array elements (denoted x[i]), or fields. Variables are ini-
     tialized to the null string or zero. Array subscripts can be
     any  string, not necessarily numeric; this allows for a form
     of associative memory. String  constants  are  quoted  (""),
     with the usual C escapes recognized within.

     The print statement prints its  arguments  on  the  standard
     output, or on a file if >expression is present, or on a pipe
     if '|cmd' is present. The output  resulted  from  the  print
     statement  is terminated by the output record separator with
     each argument separated by the current output field  separa-
     tor.  The  printf  statement  formats  its  expression  list
     according to the format (see printf(3C)).

  Built-in Functions
     The arithmetic functions are as follows:

     cos(x)          Return cosine of x, where x is  in  radians.
                     (In /usr/xpg4/bin/awk only. See nawk(1).)



     sin(x)          Return sine of x, where x is in radians. (In
                     /usr/xpg4/bin/awk only. See nawk(1).)



     exp(x)          Return the exponential function of x.



     log(x)          Return the natural logarithm of x.



     sqrt(x)         Return the square root of x.






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User Commands                                              awk(1)



     int(x)          Truncate its argument to an integer.  It  is
                     truncated toward 0 when x > 0.



     The string functions are as follows:

     index(s, t)

         Return the position in string s  where  string  t  first
         occurs, or 0 if it does not occur at all.



     int(s)

         truncates s to an integer value. If s is not  specified,
         $0 is used.



     length(s)

         Return the length of its argument taken as a string,  or
         of the whole line if there is no argument.



     split(s, a, fs)

         Split the string s into array elements a[1],  a[2],  ...
         a[n],  and  returns  n.  The separation is done with the
         regular expression fs or with the field separator FS  if
         fs is not given.



     sprintf(fmt, expr, expr,...)

         Format the expressions according to the printf(3C)  for-
         mat given by fmt and returns the resulting string.



     substr(s, m, n)

         returns the n-character substring of s  that  begins  at
         position m.







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User Commands                                              awk(1)



     The input/output function is as follows:

     getline         Set $0 to the next  input  record  from  the
                     current  input  file.  getline returns 1 for
                     successful input, 0 for end of file, and  -1
                     for an error.



  Large File Behavior
     See largefile(5) for the description of the behavior of  awk
     when encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2
    **31 bytes).

EXAMPLES
     Example 1: Printing Lines Longer Than 72 Characters

     The following example is an awk script that can be  executed
     by  an  awk  -f examplescript style command. It prints lines
     longer than seventy two characters:

     length > 72

     Example 2: Printing Fields in Opposite Order

     The following example is an awk script that can be  executed
     by  an  awk  -f  examplescript  style command. It prints the
     first two fields in opposite order:

     { print $2, $1 }

     Example 3: Printing Fields in Opposite Order with the  Input
     Fields Separated

     The following example is an awk script that can be  executed
     by  an  awk  -f  examplescript  style command. It prints the
     first two input fields in opposite  order,  separated  by  a
     comma, blanks or tabs:

     BEGIN { FS = ",[ \t]*|[ \t]+" }
           { print $2, $1 }

     Example 4: Adding Up the First Column, Printing the Sum  and
     Average

     The following example is an awk script that can be  executed
     by  an  awk  -f examplescript style command.  It adds up the
     first column, and prints the sum and average:

     { s += $1 }
     END  { print "sum is", s, " average is", s/NR }




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User Commands                                              awk(1)



     Example 5: Printing Fields in Reverse Order

     The following example is an awk script that can be  executed
     by  an  awk -f examplescript style command. It prints fields
     in reverse order:

     { for (i = NF; i > 0; --i) print $i }

     Example 6: Printing All lines Between start/stop Pairs

     The following example is an awk script that can be  executed
     by  an  awk  -f  examplescript  style command. It prints all
     lines between start/stop pairs.

     /start/, /stop/

     Example 7: Printing All Lines Whose First Field is Different
     from the Previous One

     The following example is an awk script that can be  executed
     by  an  awk  -f  examplescript  style command. It prints all
     lines whose first field is different from the previous one.

     $1 != prev { print; prev = $1 }

     Example 8: Printing a File and Filling in Page numbers

     The following example is an awk script that can be  executed
     by  an  awk -f examplescript style command. It prints a file
     and fills in page numbers starting at 5:

     /Page/    { $2 = n++; }
                  { print }

     Example 9: Printing a File and Numbering Its Pages

     Assuming this program is in a file named prog, the following
     example  prints  the file input numbering its pages starting
     at 5:

     example% awk -f prog n=5 input

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
     See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment
     variables  that  affect  the execution of awk: LANG, LC_ALL,
     LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, NLSPATH, and PATH.

     LC_NUMERIC      Determine  the  radix  character  used  when
                     interpreting   numeric   input,   performing
                     conversions  between  numeric   and   string
                     values   and   formatting   numeric  output.
                     Regardless of locale, the  period  character



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User Commands                                              awk(1)



                     (the  decimal-point  character  of the POSIX
                     locale)  is  the   decimal-point   character
                     recognized   in   processing   awk  programs
                     (including assignments in command-line argu-
                     ments).



ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:

  /usr/bin/awk
     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWesu                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | CSI                         | Not Enabled                 |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


  /usr/xpg4/bin/awk
     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWxcu4                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | CSI                         | Enabled                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Interface Stability         | Standard                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


SEE ALSO
     egrep(1),  grep(1),  nawk(1),  sed(1),  printf(3C),   attri-
     butes(5), environ(5), largefile(5), standards(5)

NOTES
     Input white space is not preserved on output if  fields  are
     involved.

     There  are  no  explicit  conversions  between  numbers  and
     strings.  To  force an expression to be treated as a number,
     add 0 to it. To force an  expression  to  be  treated  as  a
     string, concatenate the null string ("") to it.









SunOS 5.10          Last change: 22 Jun 2005                    8

auto_ef man page

User Commands                                          auto_ef(1)



NAME
     auto_ef - auto encoding finder

SYNOPSIS
     /usr/bin/auto_ef [-e encoding_list] [-a]  [-l  level]  [file
     ...]

     /usr/bin/auto_ef -h

DESCRIPTION
     The auto_ef utility identifies the encoding of a given file.
     The  utility  judges  the  encoding  by using the iconv code
     conversion, determining whether a  certain  code  conversion
     was  successful  with  the file, and also by performing fre-
     quency analyses on the character sequences  that  appear  in
     the file.

     The auto_ef utility might produce unexpected output  if  the
     string is binary, a character table, a localized digit list,
     or a chronogram, or if the string or file is very  small  in
     size (for example, less than one 100 bytes).

     ASCII                   JIS
     ISO-2022-JP



     eucJP                   Japanese EUC



     PCK                     Japanese PC Kanji, CP932, Shift JIS



     UTF-8                   Korean EUC
     ko_KR.euc



     ko_KR.cp949             Unified Hangul



     ISO-2022-KR             ISO-2022 Korean



     zh_CN.iso2022-CN        ISO-2022 CN/CN-EXT






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User Commands                                          auto_ef(1)



     zh_CN.euc               Simplified Chinese EUC, GB2312



     GB18030                 Simplified Chinese GB18030/GBK



     zh_TW-big5              BIG5



     zh_TW-euc               Traditional Chinese EUC



     zh_TW.hkscs             Hong Kong BIG5



     iso-8859-1              West European, and similar



     iso-8859-2              East European, and similar



     iso-8859-5              Cyrillic, and similar



     iso-8859-6              Arabic



     iso-8859-7              Greek



     iso-8859-8              Hebrew



     CP1250                  windows-1250, corresponding to  ISO-
                             8859-2



     CP1251                  windows-1251, corresponding to  ISO-
                             8859-5




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User Commands                                          auto_ef(1)



     CP1252                  windows-1252, corresponding to  ISO-
                             8859-1



     CP1253                  windows-1253, corresponding to  ISO-
                             8859-7



     CP1255                  windows-1255, corresponding to  ISO-
                             8859-8



     koi8-r                  corresponding to iso-8859-5



     By default, auto_ef returns a single, most  likely  encoding
     for  text in a specified file. To get all possible encodings
     for the file, use the -a option.

     Also by default, auto_ef uses the fastest process to examine
     the file. For more accurate results, use the -l option.

     To examine data with a limited set of encodings, use the  -e
     option.

OPTIONS
     The following options are supported:

     -a                      Shows  all  possible  encodings   in
                             order of possibility, with scores in
                             the range between  0.0  and  1.0.  A
                             higher  score  means a higher possi-
                             bility. For example,

                             example% auto_ef -a test_file
                             eucJP           0.89
                             zh_CN.euc       0.04
                             ko_KR.euc       0.01


                             Without this option, only one encod-
                             ing with the highest score is shown.



     -e encoding_list        Examines data  only  with  specified
                             encodings.    For    example,   when
                             encoding_list   is   specified    as



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User Commands                                          auto_ef(1)



                             "ko_KR.euc:ko_KR.cp949",     auto_ef
                             examines text only  with  CP949  and
                             ko_KR.euc.   Without   this  option,
                             auto_ef  examines  text   with   all
                             encodings. Multiple encodings can be
                             specified by separating  the  encod-
                             ings using a colon (:).



     -h                      Shows the usage message.



     -l level                Specifies the level of judgment. The
                             value of level can be 0, 1, 2, or 3.
                             Level 3 produces the best result but
                             can  be slow. Level 0 is fastest but
                             results can be less accurate than in
                             higher  levels. The default is level
                             0.



OPERANDS
     The following operands are supported:

     file            File name to examine.



EXAMPLES
     Example 1: Examining encoding of a file

     example% auto_ef file_name

     Example 2: Examining encoding of a file at level 2.

     example% auto_ef -l 2 file_name

     Example 3: Examining encoding of a file with only  eucJP  or
     ko_KR.euc

     example% auto_ef -e "eucJP:ko_KR.euc" file_name

EXIT STATUS
     The following exit values are returned:

     0        Successful completion






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User Commands                                          auto_ef(1)



     1        An error occurred.



ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:

     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWautoef                  |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Interface Stability         | See below.                  |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


     Interface Stability of output  format,  when  option  -a  is
     specified, is Evolving. Other interfaces are Stable.

SEE ALSO
     auto_ef(3EXT), libauto_ef(3LIB), attributes(5)

     International Language Environments Guide































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auths man page

User Commands                                            auths(1)



NAME
     auths - print authorizations granted to a user

SYNOPSIS
     auths [ user ...]

DESCRIPTION
     The auths command prints on standard output  the  authoriza-
     tions that you or the optionally-specified user or role have
     been granted. Authorizations are rights that are checked  by
     certain  privileged programs to determine whether a user may
     execute restricted functionality.

     Each user may have zero or more  authorizations.  Authoriza-
     tions  are represented by fully-qualified names, which iden-
     tify the organization that created the authorization and the
     functionality  that  it controls. Following the Java conven-
     tion, the hierarchical components of  an  authorization  are
     separated  by  dots  (.),  starting  with  the reverse order
     Internet domain name of the creating organization, and  end-
     ing  with the specific function within a class of authoriza-
     tions.

     An asterisk (*) indicates all authorizations in a class.

     A user's authorizations are looked up in user_attr(4) and in
     the  /etc/security/policy.conf  file  (see  policy.conf(4)).
     Authorizations may be specified directly in user_attr(4)  or
     indirectly  through prof_attr(4). Authorizations may also be
     assigned to every user in the  system  directly  as  default
     authorizations  or  indirectly  as  default  profiles in the
     /etc/security/policy.conf file.

EXAMPLES
     Example 1: Sample output

     The auths output has the following form:

     example% auths tester01 tester02
     tester01 : solaris.system.date,solaris.jobs.admin
     tester02 : solaris.system.*
     example%

     Notice that there is no space after the comma separating the
     authorization names in tester01.

EXIT STATUS
     The following exit values are returned:

     0        Successful completion.





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User Commands                                            auths(1)



     1        An error occurred.



FILES
     /etc/user_attr

     /etc/security/auth_attr

     /etc/security/policy.conf

     /etc/security/prof_attr

ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:

     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWcsu                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


SEE ALSO
     profiles(1),  roles(1),  getauthattr(3SECDB),  auth_attr(4),
     policy.conf(4), prof_attr(4), user_attr(4), attributes(5)




























SunOS 5.10          Last change: 25 Mar 2004                    2

audiorecord man page

User Commands                                      audiorecord(1)



NAME
     audiorecord - record an audio file

SYNOPSIS
     audiorecord [-af] [-v vol] [-b bal]  [-m monvol]  [-p mic  |
     line  |  internal-cd]  [-c channels] [-s rate] [-e encoding]
     [-t time]  [-i info]  [-d dev]  [-T   au  |  aif[f]  |  wav]
     [file[.au|.aif[f]]|.wav]

DESCRIPTION
     The audiorecord utility copies audio  data  from  the  audio
     device  to  a named audio file, or to the standard output if
     no filename is present. If no output file is  specified  and
     standard  output  is  a  tty,  the  volume, balance, monitor
     volume, port, and audio format  settings  specified  on  the
     command line will be applied and the program will exit.

     By default, monaural audio data is recorded  at  8  kHz  and
     encoded  in  -law format. If the audio device supports addi-
     tional configurations, the -c, -s, and  -e  options  may  be
     used to specify the data format. The output file is prefixed
     by an audio file header that identifies the  format  of  the
     data encoded in the file.

     Recording begins immediately and continues  until  a  SIGINT
     signal  (for  example,   Control-c)  is  received. If the -t
     option is specified, audiorecord stops  when  the  specified
     quantity of data has been recorded.

     If the audio device is unavailable, that is, if another pro-
     cess  currently has read access, audiorecord prints an error
     message and exits immediately.

OPTIONS
     The following options are supported:

     -\?

         Help: Prints a command line usage message.



     -a

         Append: Appends the data on the end of the  named  audio
         file.  The audio device must support the audio data for-
         mat of the existing file.



     -b bal




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User Commands                                      audiorecord(1)



         Balance: The recording balance is set to  the  specified
         value  before recording begins, and is reset to its pre-
         vious level when audiorecord exits. The bal argument  is
         an  integer  value  between  -100  and 100, inclusive. A
         value of -100 indicates left balance, 0 middle, and  100
         right. If this argument is not specified, the input bal-
         ance will remain at the level most recently set  by  any
         process.



     -c channels

         Channels: Specifies the number of audio channels  (1  or
         2).  The  value may be specified as an integer or as the
         string mono or stereo. The default value is mono.



     -d dev

         Device: The dev argument specifies  an  alternate  audio
         device  from  which  input  should  be  taken. If the -d
         option is not specified, the AUDIODEV environment  vari-
         able  is consulted (see below). Otherwise, /dev/audio is
         used as the default audio device.



     -e encoding

         Encoding: Specifies the audio data encoding. This  value
         may  be one of ulaw, alaw, or linear. The default encod-
         ing is ulaw.



     -f

         Force: When the -a flag is specified, the sample rate of
         the audio device must match the sample rate at which the
         original file was recorded.  If  the  -f  flag  is  also
         specified,  sample  rate differences are ignored, with a
         warning message printed on the standard error.



     -i info

         Information: The `information' field of the output  file
         header  is set to the string specified by the info argu-
         ment. This option cannot  be  specified  in  conjunction



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User Commands                                      audiorecord(1)



         with the -a argument.



     -m monvol

         Monitor Volume: The input monitor volume is set  to  the
         specified value before recording begins, and is reset to
         its previous level when audiorecord  exits.  The  monval
         argument   is  an  integer  value  between  0  and  100,
         inclusive. A non-zero value allows a directly  connected
         input  source  to  be  heard on the output speaker while
         recording is in-progress. If this argument is not speci-
         fied,  the  monitor volume will remain at the level most
         recently set by any process.



     -p mic | line | internal-cd

         Input Port: Selects the mic, line, or internal-cd  input
         as  the source of the audio output signal. If this argu-
         ment is  not  specified,  the  input  port  will  remain
         unchanged.  Please notice: Some systems will not support
         all possible input ports. If the  named  port  does  not
         exist, this option is ignored.



     -s rate

         Sample Rate: Specifies the sample rate, in  samples  per
         second.  If  a number is followed by the letter k, it is
         multiplied by 1000 (for example,  44.1k  =  44100).  The
         default sample rate is 8 kHz.



     -t time

         Time: The time argument specifies the maximum length  of
         time  to  record.  Time  can be specified as a floating-
         point value, indicating the number of seconds, or in the
         form:  hh:mm:ss.dd, where the hour and minute specifica-
         tions are optional.



     -T au | aif[f] | wav

         Specifies the audio file  type  to  create.  If  the  -a
         option  is  used,  the  file type must match the file to



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User Commands                                      audiorecord(1)



         which it is being appended. Regardless of the file  suf-
         fix,  the  type will be set as specified in this option.
         If this option is not specified, the  file  suffix  will
         determine the type.



     -v vol

         Volume: The recording gain is set to the specified value
         before  recording  begins,  and is reset to its previous
         level when audiorecord exits. The  vol  argument  is  an
         integer  value  between  0  and  100, inclusive. If this
         argument is not specified, the input volume will  remain
         at the level most recently set by any process.



OPERANDS
     file[.au|.aif[f]]|.wav

         File Specification: The named audio file  is  rewritten,
         or  appended.  If  no  filename is present, and standard
         output is not a tty, or if the special filename  "-"  is
         specified,  output  is directed to the the standard out-
         put.

         If the -T option is not specified, the file suffix  will
         determine  the type of file. If the suffix is not recog-
         nized, the default is .au. If the -T  option  is  speci-
         fied, that file type is used regardless of the file suf-
         fix.



USAGE
     See largefile(5) for the  description  of  the  behavior  of
     audiorecord when encountering files greater than or equal to
     2 Gbyte ( 2**31 bytes).

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
     AUDIODEV        The full path name of the  audio  device  to
                     record  from, if no -d argument is supplied.
                     If  the  AUDIODEV  variable  is   not   set,
                     /dev/audio is used.



ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:




SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Jul 2003                    4






User Commands                                      audiorecord(1)



     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Architecture                | SPARC, x86                  |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWauda                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Interface Stability         | Evolving                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


SEE ALSO
     audioconvert(1), audioplay(1),  mixerctl(1),  attributes(5),
     largefile(5), usb_ac(7D), audio(7I), mixer(7I)









































SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Jul 2003                    5

audioplay man page

User Commands                                        audioplay(1)



NAME
     audioplay - play audio files

SYNOPSIS
     audioplay [-iV] [-v vol] [-b bal] [-p speaker | headphone  |
     line]  [-d dev] [file...]

DESCRIPTION
     The audioplay utility copies the named audio files  (or  the
     standard  input  if  no  filenames are present) to the audio
     device. If no input file is specified and standard input  is
     a  tty,  the port, volume, and balance settings specified on
     the command line will be applied and the program will exit.

     The input files must contain a valid audio file header.  The
     encoding  information  in this header is matched against the
     capabilities of the audio device and, if  the  data  formats
     are  incompatible,  an error message is printed and the file
     is skipped. Compressed ADPCM (G.721) monaural audio data  is
     automatically uncompressed before playing.

     Minor deviations in sampling frequency (that is,  less  than
     1%)  are ordinarily ignored. This allows, for instance, data
     sampled at 8012 Hz to be played on an audio device that only
     supports  8000 Hz.  If the -V option is present, such devia-
     tions are flagged with warning messages.

OPTIONS
     The following options are supported:

     -i

         Immediate: If the audio device is unavailable (that  is,
         another  process  currently has write access), audioplay
         ordinarily waits until it can obtain access to the  dev-
         ice.  When the -i option is present, audioplay prints an
         error message and exits immediately  if  the  device  is
         busy.



     -V

         Verbose: Prints messages  on  the  standard  error  when
         waiting  for  access  to the audio device or when sample
         rate deviations are detected.



     -v vol

         Volume: The output volume is set to the specified  value



SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Feb 2001                    1






User Commands                                        audioplay(1)



         before  playing  begins,  and  is  reset to its previous
         level when audioplay  exits.  The  vol  argument  is  an
         integer  value  between  0  and  100, inclusive. If this
         argument is not specified, the output volume remains  at
         the level most recently set by any process.



     -b bal

         Balance: The output balance  is  set  to  the  specified
         value  before playing begins, and is reset to its previ-
         ous level when audioplay exits. The bal argument  is  an
         integer  value  between -100 and 100, inclusive. A value
         of -100 indicates left balance, 0 middle, and 100 right.
         If  this  argument  is not specified, the output balance
         remains at the level most recently set by any process.



     -p speaker | headphone | line

         Output Port: Selects the built-in speaker (the default),
         headphone  jack,  or  line out as the destination of the
         audio output signal. If this argument is not  specified,
         the  output port will remain unchanged. Please note: Not
         all audio adapters support all of the output  ports.  If
         the named port does not exist, an appropriate substitute
         will be used.



     -d dev

         Device: The dev argument specifies  an  alternate  audio
         device  to  which  output  should be directed. If the -d
         option is not specified, the AUDIODEV environment  vari-
         able  is consulted (see below). Otherwise, /dev/audio is
         used as the default audio device.



     -\?

         Help: Prints a command line usage message.



OPERANDS
     file     File Specification: Audio files named on  the  com-
              mand  line are played sequentially. If no filenames
              are present, the standard input stream  (if  it  is



SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Feb 2001                    2






User Commands                                        audioplay(1)



              not  a  tty)  is  played (it, too,  must contain an
              audio file header). The special filename `-' may be
              used to read the standard input stream instead of a
              file. If a relative  path  name  is  supplied,  the
              AUDIOPATH  environment  variable  is consulted (see
              below).



USAGE
     See largefile(5) for the  description  of  the  behavior  of
     audioplay when encountering files greater than or equal to 2
     Gbyte ( 2**31 bytes).

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
     AUDIODEV        The full path name of the  audio  device  to
                     write  to, if no -d argument is supplied. If
                     the AUDIODEV variable is not set, /dev/audio
                     is used.



     AUDIOPATH       A colon-separated  list  of  directories  in
                     which  to search for audio files whose names
                     are given by relative pathnames. The current
                     directory  (".") may be specified explicitly
                     in the search path. If the  AUDIOPATH  vari-
                     able  is not set, only the current directory
                     will be searched.



ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:

     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Architecture                | SPARC, x86                  |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWauda                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Interface Stability         | Evolving                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


SEE ALSO
     audioconvert(1), audiorecord(1), mixerctl(1), attributes(5),
     largefile(5), usb_ac(7D), audio(7I), mixer(7I)





SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Feb 2001                    3






User Commands                                        audioplay(1)



BUGS
     audioplay currently supports a limited set of  audio  format
     conversions.  If the audio file is not in a format supported
     by the audio device, it must first be converted.  For  exam-
     ple, to convert to voice format on the fly, use the command:


     example% audioconvert -f voice myfile | audioplay


     The format conversion will not always be  able  to  keep  up
     with  the audio output. If this is the case, you should con-
     vert to a temporary file before playing the data.










































SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Feb 2001                    4

audioconvert man page

User Commands                                     audioconvert(1)



NAME
     audioconvert - convert audio file formats

SYNOPSIS
     audioconvert [-pF]  [-f outfmt]  [-o outfile]  [  [-i infmt]
     [file...]] ...

DESCRIPTION
     audioconvert converts audio data between a set of  supported
     audio encodings and file formats. It can be used to compress
     and decompress audio data, to add audio file headers to  raw
     audio  data  files,  and  to  convert  between standard data
     encodings, such as -law and linear PCM.

     If no filenames are present,  audioconvert  reads  the  data
     from  the  standard input stream and writes an audio file to
     the standard output. Otherwise, input files are processed in
     order, concatenated, and written to the output file.

     Input files are expected to contain audio file headers  that
     identify  the audio data format.  If the audio data does not
     contain a recognizable header, the format must be  specified
     with  the  -i option, using the rate, encoding, and channels
     keywords to identify the input data format.

     The output file format is derived by updating the format  of
     the  first  input  file  with  the  format options in the -f
     specification. If -p is not specified, all subsequent  input
     files  are  converted  to  this  resulting  format  and con-
     catenated together. The output file will  contain  an  audio
     file  header,  unless  format=raw is specified in the output
     format options.

     Input files may be  converted  in  place  by  using  the  -p
     option.  When -p is in effect, the format of each input file
     is modified according to the -f option to determine the out-
     put format. The existing files are then overwritten with the
     converted data.

     The file(1) command decodes and prints the audio data format
     of Sun audio files.

OPTIONS
     The following options are supported:

     -p              In Place: The input files  are  individually
                     converted  to the format specified by the -f
                     option and rewritten. If a target file is  a
                     symbolic  link,  the underlying file will be
                     rewritten. The -o option may not  be  speci-
                     fied with -p.




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User Commands                                     audioconvert(1)



     -F              Force: This option  forces  audioconvert  to
                     ignore any file header for input files whose
                     format is specified by the -i option. If  -F
                     is  not  specified, audioconvert ignores the
                     -i option for input files that contain valid
                     audio file headers.



     -f outfmt       Output  Format:  This  option  is  used   to
                     specify the file format and data encoding of
                     the output file.  Defaults  for  unspecified
                     fields  are derived from the input file for-
                     mat. Valid keywords and values are listed in
                     the next section.



     -o outfile      Output  File:  All  input  files  are   con-
                     catenated,  converted  to the output format,
                     and written to the named output file. If  -o
                     and  -p  are not specified, the concatenated
                     output is written to  the  standard  output.
                     The -p option may not be specified with -o.



     -i infmt        Input Format: This option is used to specify
                     the  data encoding of raw input files. Ordi-
                     narily, the input  data  format  is  derived
                     from  the  audio file header. This option is
                     required when converting audio data that  is
                     not  preceded  by a valid audio file header.
                     If -i is specified for an  input  file  that
                     contains  an  audio  file  header, the input
                     format string will be ignored, unless -F  is
                     present.  The format specification syntax is
                     the same as the -f output file format.

                     Multiple input formats may be specified.  An
                     input  format describes all input files fol-
                     lowing that specification, until a new input
                     format is specified.



     file            File Specification: The  named  audio  files
                     are  concatenated,  converted  to the output
                     format, and written out. If no file name  is
                     present,  or if the special file name `-' is
                     specified, audio data is read from the stan-
                     dard input.



SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Feb 2001                    2






User Commands                                     audioconvert(1)



     -?              Help: Prints a command line usage message.



  Format Specification
     The syntax for the input and output format specification is:

          keyword=value[,keyword=value ...]


     with no intervening whitespace. Unambiguous  values  may  be
     used without the preceding keyword=.

     rate            The audio sampling rate is specified in sam-
                     ples  per second. If a number is followed by
                     the letter k, it is multiplied by 1000  (for
                     example,  44.1k  =  44100).  Standard of the
                     commonly used sample  rates  are:  8k,  16k,
                     32k, 44.1k, and 48k.



     channels        The number of interleaved channels is speci-
                     fied  as  an  integer.  The  words  mono and
                     stereo may also be used to specify  one  and
                     two channel data, respectively.



     encoding        This option specifies the digital audio data
                     representation.  Encodings  determine preci-
                     sion implicitly (ulaw implies  8-bit  preci-
                     sion) or explicitly as part of the name (for
                     example, linear16).  Valid  encoding  values
                     are:

                     ulaw            CCITT G.711  -law  encoding.
                                     This is an 8-bit format pri-
                                     marily  used  for  telephone
                                     quality speech.




                     alaw            CCITT G.711 A-law  encoding.
                                     This is an 8-bit format pri-
                                     marily  used  for  telephone
                                     quality speech in Europe.







SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Feb 2001                    3






User Commands                                     audioconvert(1)



                     linear8,        Linear Pulse Code Modulation
                     linear16,       (PCM)   encoding.  The  name
                     linear32        identifies  the  number   of
                                     bits  of precision. linear16
                                     is typically used  for  high
                                     quality audio data.





                     pcm             Same as linear16.



                     g721            CCITT G.721 compression for-
                                     mat.   This   encoding  uses
                                     Adaptive  Delta  Pulse  Code
                                     Modulation  (ADPCM)  with 4-
                                     bit precision.  It  is  pri-
                                     marily  used for compressing
                                     -law voice data (achieving a
                                     2:1 compression ratio).



                     g723            CCITT G.723 compression for-
                                     mat.   This   encoding  uses
                                     Adaptive  Delta  Pulse  Code
                                     Modulation  (ADPCM)  with 3-
                                     bit precision.  It  is  pri-
                                     marily  used for compressing
                                     -law voice  data  (achieving
                                     an  8:3  compression ratio).
                                     The audio quality is similar
                                     to  G.721, but may result in
                                     lower quality when used  for
                                     non-speech data.



                     The  following  encoding  values  are   also
                     accepted  as  shorthand  to  set  the sample
                     rate, channels, and encoding:


                     voice    Equivalent                       to
                              encoding=ulaw,rate=8k,channels=mono.







SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Feb 2001                    4






User Commands                                     audioconvert(1)



                     cd       Equivalent                       to
                              encoding=linear16,rate=44.1k,channels=stereo.



                     dat      Equivalent                       to
                              encoding=linear16,rate=48k,channels=stereo.



     format          This option specifies the audio file format.
                     Valid formats are:

                     sun      Sun  compatible  file  format  (the
                              default).




                     raw      Use this  format  when  reading  or
                              writing  raw  audio  data  (with no
                              audio header),  or  in  conjunction
                              with an  offset to import a foreign
                              audio file format.




     offset          (-i only) Specifies a byte offset to  locate
                     the start of the audio data. This option may
                     be used to import audio data  that  contains
                     an unrecognized file header.



USAGE
     See largefile(5) for the  description  of  the  behavior  of
     audioconvert  when  encountering files greater than or equal
     to 2 Gbyte ( 2**31 bytes).

EXAMPLES
     Example 1: Recording and compressing voice data before stor-
     ing it

     Record voice data and compress it before  storing  it  to  a
     file:


     example% audiorecord | audioconvert -f g721 > mydata.au






SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Feb 2001                    5






User Commands                                     audioconvert(1)



     Example 2: Concatenating two audio files

     Concatenate two Sun format audio files, regardless of  their
     data format, and output an 8-bit ulaw, 16 kHz, mono file:


     example% audioconvert -f ulaw,rate=16k,mono -o outfile.au infile1 infile2


     Example 3: Converting a directory to Sun format

     Convert a directory containing  raw  voice  data  files,  in
     place, to Sun format (adds a file header to each file):

     example% audioconvert -p -i voice -f sun *.au

ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:

     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Architecture                | SPARC, x86                  |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWauda                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Interface Stability         | Evolving                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


SEE ALSO
     audioplay(1), audiorecord(1), file(1), attributes(5), large-
     file(5)

NOTES
     The algorithm used for converting multi-channel data to mono
     is  implemented  by simply summing the channels together. If
     the input data is perfectly in phase (as would be  the  case
     if a mono file is converted to stereo and back to mono), the
     resulting data may contain some distortion.














SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Feb 2001                    6

atrm man page

User Commands                                             atrm(1)



NAME
     atrm - remove jobs spooled by at or batch

SYNOPSIS
     atrm [-afi] [ [ job  #] [user...]]

DESCRIPTION
     The atrm utility removes delayed-execution  jobs  that  were
     created  with  the at(1) command, but have not yet executed.
     The list of these jobs and associated  job  numbers  can  be
     displayed by using atq(1).

     atrm removes each job-number you specify,  and/or  all  jobs
     belonging to the user you specify, provided that you own the
     indicated jobs.

     You can only remove jobs belonging to  other  users  if  you
     have solaris.jobs.admin privileges.

OPTIONS
     The following options are supported:

     -a       All. Removes all unexecuted jobs that were  created
              by  the  current user. If invoked by the privileged
              user, the entire queue will be flushed.



     -f       Force.  All information regarding the   removal  of
              the specified jobs is suppressed.



     -i       Interactive. atrm asks if a job should be  removed.
              If you respond with a y, the job will be removed.



FILES
     /var/spool/cron/atjobs          spool area for at jobs



ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:









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User Commands                                             atrm(1)



     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWcsu                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


SEE ALSO
     at(1),  atq(1),  auths(1),  cron(1M),  auth_attr(4),  attri-
     butes(5)













































SunOS 5.10          Last change: 13 Aug 1999                    2

atq man page

User Commands                                              atq(1)



NAME
     atq - display the jobs queued to run at specified times

SYNOPSIS
     atq [-c] [-n] [username...]

DESCRIPTION
     The atq utility displays the  at  jobs  queued  up  for  the
     current  user.  at(1) is a utility that allows users to exe-
     cute commands at a later date. If invoked by a user with the
     solaris.jobs.admin  authorization, atq will display all jobs
     in the queue.

     If no options are given, the jobs are displayed  in  chrono-
     logical order of execution.

     When an authorized user invokes atq without specifying user-
     name,  the  entire  queue  is  displayed; when a username is
     specified, only those jobs belonging to the named  user  are
     displayed.

OPTIONS
     The following options are supported:

     -c       Displays the queued jobs in  the  order  they  were
              created  (that is, the time that the at command was
              given).



     -n       Displays only the total number of jobs currently in
              the queue.



FILES
     /var/spool/cron/atjobs          spool area for at jobs.



ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:

     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWcsu                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|






SunOS 5.10          Last change: 13 Aug 1999                    1






User Commands                                              atq(1)



SEE ALSO
     at(1), atrm(1),  auths(1),  cron(1M),  auth_attr(4),  attri-
     butes(5)




















































SunOS 5.10          Last change: 13 Aug 1999                    2

at man page

User Commands                                               at(1)



NAME
     at, batch - execute commands at a later time

SYNOPSIS
     /usr/bin/at [-c | -k | -s]  [-m] [-f file]  [-p project]  [-
     q queuename] -t time

     /usr/bin/at [-c | -k | -s]  [-m] [-f file]  [-p project]  [-
     q queuename] timespec...

     /usr/bin/at -l [-p project] [-q queuename] [ at_job_id. ..]

     /usr/bin/at -r at_job_id. ..

     /usr/bin/batch [-p project]

     /usr/xpg4/bin/at [-c | -k | -s]  [-m] [-f file] [-p project]
     [-q queuename] -t time

     /usr/xpg4/bin/at [-c | -k | -s]  [-m] [-f file] [-p project]
     [-q queuename] timespec...

     /usr/xpg4/bin/at -l [-p project] [-q queuename] [ at_job_id.
     ..]

     /usr/xpg4/bin/at -r at_job_id. ..

     /usr/xpg4/bin/batch [-p project]

DESCRIPTION
  at
     The at utility reads commands from standard input and groups
     them together as an at-job, to be executed at a later time.

     The at-job is executed  in  a  separate  invocation  of  the
     shell,  running in a separate process group with no control-
     ling  terminal,  except  that  the  environment   variables,
     current   working   directory,   file   creation  mask  (see
     umask(1)), and system resource limits (for sh and ksh  only,
     see  ulimit(1)) in effect when the at utility is executed is
     retained and used when the at-job is executed.

     When the at-job is submitted, the  at_job_id  and  scheduled
     time  are  written  to  standard  error. The at_job_id is an
     identifier  that  is   a   string   consisting   solely   of
     alphanumeric   characters  and  the  period  character.  The
     at_job_id  is  assigned  by  the  system  when  the  job  is
     scheduled such that it uniquely identifies a particular job.

     User notification and the processing of the  job's  standard
     output and standard error are described under the -m option.




SunOS 5.10          Last change: 13 Apr 2005                    1






User Commands                                               at(1)



     Users are permitted to use at and batch (see below) if their
     name  appears  in  the  file /usr/lib/cron/at.allow. If that
     file does  not  exist,  the  file  /usr/lib/cron/at.deny  is
     checked  to determine if the user should be denied access to
     at.  If  neither  file  exists,  only  a   user   with   the
     solaris.jobs.user  authorization is allowed to submit a job.
     If only at.deny exists and is empty, global usage is permit-
     ted. The at.allow and at.deny files consist of one user name
     per line.

     cron and at jobs are not be executed if the  user's  account
     is  locked. Only accounts which are not locked as defined in
     shadow(4) will have their job or process executed.

  batch
     The batch utility reads commands to be executed at  a  later
     time.

     Commands of the forms:

     /usr/bin/batch [-p project]
     /usr/xpg4/bin/batch [-p project]

     are respectively equivalent to:

     /usr/bin/at -q b [-p project] now
     /usr/xpg4/bin/at -q b -m [-p project] now

     where queue b is a special at queue, specifically for  batch
     jobs.  Batch  jobs  are  submitted  to  the  batch queue for
     immediate execution. Execution  of  submitted  jobs  can  be
     delayed  by limits on the number of jobs allowed to run con-
     currently. See queuedefs(4).

OPTIONS
     If the -c, -k, or -s options are not  specified,  the  SHELL
     environment  variable  by  default determines which shell to
     use.

     For /usr/xpg4/bin/at and /usr/xpg4/bin/batch,  if  SHELL  is
     unset or NULL, /usr/xpg4/bin/sh is used.

     For usr/bin/at and /usr/bin/batch,  if  SHELL  is  unset  or
     NULL, /bin/sh is used.

     The following options are supported:

     -c              C shell. csh(1) is used to execute  the  at-
                     job.






SunOS 5.10          Last change: 13 Apr 2005                    2






User Commands                                               at(1)



     -k              Korn shell. ksh(1) is used  to  execute  the
                     at-job.



     -s              Bourne shell. sh(1) is used to  execute  the
                     at-job.



     -f file         Specifies the path of a file to be  used  as
                     the  source  of the at-job, instead of stan-
                     dard input.



     -l              (The letter ell.) Reports all jobs scheduled
                     for   the  invoking  user  if  no  at_job_id
                     operands are specified.  If  at_job_ids  are
                     specified,   reports  only  information  for
                     these jobs.



     -m              Sends mail to the invoking  user  after  the
                     at-job  has  run, announcing its completion.
                     Standard output and standard error  produced
                     by  the  at-job  are  mailed  to the user as
                     well, unless redirected elsewhere.  Mail  is
                     sent even if the job produces no output.

                     If -m is not used, the job's standard output
                     and  standard  error is provided to the user
                     by means of mail, unless they are redirected
                     elsewhere;  if  there  is  no such output to
                     provide, the user is  not  notified  of  the
                     job's completion.



     -p project      Specifies under  which  project  the  at  or
                     batch  job  is  run.  When  used with the -l
                     option, limits the search to that particular
                     project.  Values  for project is interpreted
                     first as a project name, and then as a  pos-
                     sible  project  ID,  if entirely numeric. By
                     default, the user's current project is used.



     -q queuename    Specifies in which queue to schedule  a  job
                     for   submission.  When  used  with  the  -l



SunOS 5.10          Last change: 13 Apr 2005                    3






User Commands                                               at(1)



                     option, limits the search to that particular
                     queue.  Values  for queuename are limited to
                     the lower  case  letters  a  through  z.  By
                     default,  at-jobs  are scheduled in queue a.
                     In contrast, queue b is reserved  for  batch
                     jobs.  Since  queue  c  is reserved for cron
                     jobs, it can not be used with the -q option.



     -r at_job_id    Removes  the   jobs   with   the   specified
                     at_job_id   operands  that  were  previously
                     scheduled by the at utility.



     -t time         Submits the job to be run at the time speci-
                     fied by the time option-argument, which must
                     have the format as specified by the touch(1)
                     utility.



OPERANDS
     The following operands are supported:

     at_job_id       The name reported by a  previous  invocation
                     of  the  at  utility at the time the job was
                     scheduled.



     timespec        Submit the job to be run  at  the  date  and
                     time specified. All of the timespec operands
                     are interpreted as if they were separated by
                     space  characters and concatenated. The date
                     and time are interpreted  as  being  in  the
                     timezone  of  the user (as determined by the
                     TZ variable), unless a timezone name appears
                     as part of time below.

                     In the "C" locale, the  following  describes
                     the  three  parts  of the time specification
                     string. All of the values from  the  LC_TIME
                     categories  in the "C" locale are recognized
                     in a case-insensitive manner.


                     time            The time can be specified as
                                     one,  two  or  four  digits.
                                     One- and  two-digit  numbers
                                     are   taken   to  be  hours,



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User Commands                                               at(1)



                                     four-digit  numbers  to   be
                                     hours  and minutes. The time
                                     can alternatively be  speci-
                                     fied    as    two    numbers
                                     separated by a colon,  mean-
                                     ing  hour:minute.  An  AM/PM
                                     indication   (one   of   the
                                     values  from  the am_pm key-
                                     words in the LC_TIME  locale
                                     category)   can  follow  the
                                     time; otherwise,  a  24-hour
                                     clock  time is understood. A
                                     timezone name of  GMT,  UCT,
                                     or  ZULU  (case insensitive)
                                     can follow to  specify  that
                                     the  time  is in Coordinated
                                     Universal    Time.     Other
                                     timezones  can  be specified
                                     using  the  TZ   environment
                                     variable. The time field can
                                     also be one of the following
                                     tokens in the "C" locale:

                                     midnight Indicates the  time
                                              12:00 am (00:00).





                                     noon     Indicates the  time
                                              12:00 pm.



                                     now      Indicate        the
                                              current   day   and
                                              time.  Invoking  at
                                              now  submits an at-
                                              job for potentially
                                              immediate execution
                                              (that  is,  subject
                                              only to unspecified
                                              scheduling delays).




                     date            An  optional  date  can   be
                                     specified  as either a month
                                     name (one of the values from
                                     the mon or abmon keywords in



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User Commands                                               at(1)



                                     the LC_TIME locale category)
                                     followed  by  a  day  number
                                     (and  possibly  year  number
                                     preceded  by  a  comma) or a
                                     day of the week (one of  the
                                     values from the day or abday
                                     keywords  in   the   LC_TIME
                                     locale  category).  Two spe-
                                     cial days are recognized  in
                                     the "C" locale:

                                     today    Indicates       the
                                              current day.




                                     tomorrow Indicates  the  day
                                              following       the
                                              current day.



                                     If no date is  given,  today
                                     is assumed if the given time
                                     is greater than the  current
                                     time,    and   tomorrow   is
                                     assumed if it  is  less.  If
                                     the given month is less than
                                     the current  month  (and  no
                                     year is given), next year is
                                     assumed.


                     increment       The optional increment is  a
                                     number  preceded  by  a plus
                                     sign (+) and suffixed by one
                                     of  the  following: minutes,
                                     hours, days, weeks,  months,
                                     or   years.   (The  singular
                                     forms  are  also  accepted.)
                                     The    keyword    next    is
                                     equivalent to  an  increment
                                     number  of + 1. For example,
                                     the following are equivalent
                                     commands:


                                     at 2pm + 1 week
                                     at 2pm next week





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User Commands                                               at(1)



USAGE
     The format of the at command line shown here  is  guaranteed
     only for the "C" locale. Other locales are not supported for
     midnight, noon, now, mon, abmon, day, abday,  today,  tomor-
     row, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, and next.

     Since the commands run in a separate shell invocation,  run-
     ning  in a separate process group with no controlling termi-
     nal, open file descriptors,  traps  and  priority  inherited
     from the invoking environment are lost.

EXAMPLES
  at
     Example 1: Typical Sequence at a Terminal

     This sequence can be used at a terminal:

     $ at -m 0730 tomorrow
     sort < file >outfile
     <EOT>

     Example 2: Redirecting Output

     This sequence, which demonstrates redirecting standard error
     to a pipe, is useful in a command procedure (the sequence of
     output redirection specifications is significant):

     $ at now + 1 hour <<!
     diff file1 file2 2>&1 >outfile | mailx mygroup

     Example 3: Self-rescheduling a Job

     To have a job reschedule itself,  at  can  be  invoked  from
     within  the  at-job.  For  example,  this "daily-processing"
     script named my.daily runs every day (although crontab is  a
     more appropriate vehicle for such work):

     # my.daily runs every day
     at now tomorrow < my.daily
     daily-processing

     Example 4: Various Time and Operand Presentations

     The spacing of the three portions of the "C" locale timespec
     is quite flexible as long as there are no ambiguities. Exam-
     ples of various times and operand presentations include:

     at 0815am Jan 24
     at 8 :15amjan24
     at now "+ 1day"
     at 5 pm FRIday
     at '17



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User Commands                                               at(1)



          utc+
          30minutes'

  batch
     Example 5: Typical Sequence at a Terminal

     This sequence can be used at a terminal:

     $ batch
     sort <file >outfile
     <EOT>

     Example 6: Redirecting Output

     This sequence, which demonstrates redirecting standard error
     to a pipe, is useful in a command procedure (the sequence of
     output redirection specifications is significant):

     $ batch <<!
     diff file1 file2 2>&1 >outfile | mailx mygroup
     !

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
     See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment
     variables  that  affect the execution of at and batch: LANG,
     LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE,  LC_MESSAGES,  NLSPATH, and LC_TIME.

     DATEMSK         If the environment variable DATEMSK is  set,
                     at uses its value as the full path name of a
                     template file containing format strings. The
                     strings  consist  of  format  specifiers and
                     text characters that are used to  provide  a
                     richer set of allowable date formats in dif-
                     ferent languages by appropriate settings  of
                     the  environment  variable  LANG or LC_TIME.
                     The list of allowable format  specifiers  is
                     located  in the getdate(3C) manual page. The
                     formats described in  the  OPERANDS  section
                     for the time and date arguments, the special
                     names  noon,  midnight,  now,  next,  today,
                     tomorrow, and the increment argument are not
                     recognized when DATEMSK is set.



     SHELL           Determine a name of a command interpreter to
                     be  used  to invoke the at-job. If the vari-
                     able is unset or NULL, sh is used. If it  is
                     set  to a value other than sh, the implemen-
                     tation uses that shell; a warning diagnostic
                     is printed telling which shell will be used.




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User Commands                                               at(1)



     TZ              Determine the timezone. The job is submitted
                     for  execution  at  the  time  specified  by
                     timespec or -t time relative to the timezone
                     specified  by  the TZ variable.  If timespec
                     specifies a timezone, it  overrides  TZ.  If
                     timespec  does not specify a timezone and TZ
                     is unset or  NULL,  an  unspecified  default
                     timezone is used.



EXIT STATUS
     The following exit values are returned:

     0        The at utility successfully submitted,  removed  or
              listed a job or jobs.



     >0       An  error  occurred,  and  the  job  will  not   be
              scheduled.



FILES
     /usr/lib/cron/at.allow          names  of  users,  one   per
                                     line,   who  are  authorized
                                     access to the at  and  batch
                                     utilities



     /usr/lib/cron/at.deny           names  of  users,  one   per
                                     line,  who are denied access
                                     to the at and  batch  utili-
                                     ties



ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:

  /usr/bin/at











SunOS 5.10          Last change: 13 Apr 2005                    9






User Commands                                               at(1)



     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWcsu                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | CSI                         | Not enabled                 |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Interface Stability         | Standard                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


  /usr/xpg4/bin/at
     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWxcu4                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | CSI                         | Not enabled                 |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Interface Stability         | Standard                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


  /usr/bin/batch
     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWesu                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | CSI                         | Enabled                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Interface Stability         | Standard                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


  /usr/xpg4/bin/batch
     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWxcu4                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | CSI                         | Enabled                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Interface Stability         | Standard                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


SEE ALSO
     auths(1),  crontab(1),  csh(1),  date(1),   ksh(1),   sh(1),
     touch(1),   ulimit(1),   umask(1),   cron(1M),  getdate(3C),
     auth_attr(4),   shadow(4),   queuedefs(4),    attributes(5),
     environ(5), standards(5)



SunOS 5.10          Last change: 13 Apr 2005                   10






User Commands                                               at(1)



NOTES
     Regardless of queue used, cron(1M) has a limit of  100  jobs
     in execution at any time.

     There can be delays in cron at job execution. In some cases,
     these  delays  can  compound to the point that cron job pro-
     cessing appears to be hung. All jobs  are  executed  eventu-
     ally.  When the delays are excessive, the only workaround is
     to kill and restart cron.














































SunOS 5.10          Last change: 13 Apr 2005                   11

asa man page

User Commands                                              asa(1)



NAME
     asa - convert FORTRAN carriage-control output  to  printable
     form

SYNOPSIS
     asa [-f] [file...]

DESCRIPTION
     The asa utility will write its input files to standard  out-
     put, mapping carriage-control characters from the text files
     to line-printer control sequences.

     The first character of every line will be removed  from  the
     input, and the following actions will be performed.

     If the character removed is:

     SPACE    The rest of the line will be output without change.



     0        It is replaced by a newline control  sequence  fol-
              lowed by the rest  of the input line.



     1        It is replaced by a newpage control  sequence  fol-
              lowed by the rest  of the input line.



     +        It is replaced by a control  sequence  that  causes
              printing to  return to the first column of the pre-
              vious line, where the rest of  the  input  line  is
              printed.



     For any other character in the  first  column  of  an  input
     line,  asa  skips  the  character and prints the rest of the
     line unchanged.

     If asa is called without providing a filename, the  standard
     input is used.

OPTIONS
     The following option is supported:

     -f       Start each file on a new page.






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User Commands                                              asa(1)



OPERANDS
     The following operand is supported:

     file     A pathname of a text file used  for  input.  If  no
              file  operands  are specified, or `-' is specified,
              then the standard input will be used.



EXAMPLES
     The command

     a.out | asa | lp

     converts output from  a.out  to  conform  with  conventional
     printers and  directs it through a pipe to the printer.

     The command

     asa  output

     shows the contents of file output on a terminal as it  would
     appear on a printer.

     The following program is used in the next two examples:

     write(*,'(" Blank")')
     write(*,'("0Zero ")')
     write(*,'("+        Plus ")')
     write(*,'("1One  ")')
     end


     Both of the following examples produce two pages of output:

     Page 1:

     Blank

     ZeroPlus

     Page 2:

     One

     Example 1: Using actual files

     a.out >  MyOutputFile
     asa < MyOutputFile | lp

     Example 2: Using only pipes




SunOS 5.10          Last change: 18 Apr 1995                    2






User Commands                                              asa(1)



     a.out |  asa | lp

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
     See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment
     variables  that  affect  the execution of asa: LANG, LC_ALL,
     LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.

EXIT STATUS
     The following exit values are returned:

     0        All input files were output successfully.



     >0       An error occurred.



ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:

     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWcsu                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Interface Stability         | Standard                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


SEE ALSO
     lp(1), attributes(5), environ(5), standards(5)






















SunOS 5.10          Last change: 18 Apr 1995                    3

as man page

User Commands                                               as(1)



NAME
     as - assembler

SYNOPSIS
  SPARC
     as [-b] [-i] [ -K  {pic,PIC}] [-L]  [-m]  [-n]  [-o outfile]
     [-P]  [-Dname] [-Dname=def] [-Ipath] [-Uname...] [-q] [-Qy |
     n]  [-s] [ -S [a | b | c | l | A | B | C | L]  ]  [-T]  [-V]
     [-xarch=v7   |   -xarch=v8  | -xarch=v8a  | -xarch=v8plus  |
     -xarch=v8plusa  | -xarch=v8plusb  | -xarch=v9  |  -xarch=v9a
     | -xarch=v9b ]  [-xF] [-Y dirname] filename...

  x86
     as [-b] [-i] [ -K  PIC] [-L] [-m] [-n] [-o outfile] [-P]  [-
     Dname]  [-Dname=def]  [-Ipath] [-Uname...] [-Qy | n]  [-s] [
     -S [a | b | c | l  |  A  |  B  |  C  |  L]  ]  [-T]  [-V]  [
     -xarch=generic64  |  -xarch=amd64]  [-Y dirname] [-xmodel= [
     SMALL | KERNEL ]] filename...

DESCRIPTION
     The as command creates object files from  assembly  language
     source files.

OPTIONS
  Common Options
     The following flags are common to both SPARC and  x86.  They
     may be specified in any order:

     -b

         Generates extra symbol table information.



     -i

         Ignore line number information from preprocessor.



     -K pic | PIC

         Generates position-independent code.



     -L

         Saves all symbols, including temporary labels  that  are
         normally  discarded  to  save  space,  in the ELF symbol
         table.




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User Commands                                               as(1)



     -m

         Runs the m4(1) macro  processor  on  the  input  to  the
         assembler.



     -n

         Suppresses all the warnings while assembling.



     -o outfile

         Puts the output of the assembly in outfile. By  default,
         the  output  file name is formed by removing the .s suf-
         fix, if there is one,  from  the  input  file  name  and
         appending a .o suffix.



     -P

         Runs cpp(1), the C  preprocessor,  on  the  files  being
         assembled.  The  preprocessor  is run separately on each
         input file, not on their concatenation. The preprocessor
         output is passed to the assembler.



     -Dname
     -Dname=def

         When the -P option  is  in  effect,  these  options  are
         passed to the cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation
         by the as command; otherwise, they are ignored.




     -Ipath

         When the -P option is in effect, this option  is  passed
         to the cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by the
         as command; otherwise, it is ignored.



     -Uname

         When the -P option is in effect, this option  is  passed



SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Sep 2005                    2






User Commands                                               as(1)



         to the cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by the
         as command; otherwise, it is ignored.



     -Qy | n

         If y is specified, this option produces  the  "assembler
         version"  information in the comment section of the out-
         put object file. If n is specified, the  information  is
         suppressed.



     -s

         Places all stabs in  the  .stabs  section.  By  default,
         stabs  are  placed  in  stabs.excl  sections,  which are
         stripped out by the static linker, ld(1),  during  final
         execution.  When  the -s option is used, stabs remain in
         the final executable  because  .stab  sections  are  not
         stripped by the static linker.



     -S[a|b|c|l|A|B|C|L]

         Produces a disassembly of the emitted code to the  stan-
         dard  output. Adding each of the following characters to
         the -S option produces:

         a        disassembling with address




         b        disassembling with ".bof"



         c        disassembling with comments



         l        disassembling with line numbers



         Capital letters turn the switch off for the  correspond-
         ing option.





SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Sep 2005                    3






User Commands                                               as(1)



     -T

         This is a migration option for 4.x assembly files to  be
         assembled  on  5.x systems. With this option, the symbol
         names in 4.x assembly files will be interpreted  as  5.x
         symbol names.



     -V

         Writes the version number of the assembler being run  on
         the standard error output.



     -xF

         Allows function reordering by the Performance  Analyzer.
         If  you  compile  with  the -xF option, and then run the
         Performance Analyzer, you can generate a map  file  that
         shows  an  optimized order for the functions. The subse-
         quent link to build the executable file can be  directed
         to  use  that  map  file  by using the linker -M mapfile
         option. It places each function from the executable file
         into a separate section.



     -Y dirname

         Specify directory m4 and/or cm4def.



  Options for SPARC only
     -q

         Performs a quick assembly. When the -q option  is  used,
         many  error  checks are not performed. Note: This option
         disables many error checks. Use of this option to assem-
         ble handwritten assembly language is not recommended.



     -xarch=v7

         This option instructs the assembler to  accept  instruc-
         tions  defined in the SPARC version 7 (V7) architecture.
         The resulting object code is in ELF format.





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User Commands                                               as(1)



     -xarch=v8

         This option instructs the assembler to  accept  instruc-
         tions  defined  in  the  SPARC-V8 architecture, less the
         quad-precision floating-point instructions. The  result-
         ing object code is in ELF format.



     -xarch=v8a

         This option instructs the assembler to  accept  instruc-
         tions  defined  in  the  SPARC-V8 architecture, less the
         quad-precision floating-point instructions and less  the
         fsmuld  instruction. The resulting object code is in ELF
         format.   This   is   the   default   choice   of    the
         -xarch=options.



     -xarch=v8plus

         This option instructs the assembler to  accept  instruc-
         tions  defined  in  the  SPARC-V9 architecture, less the
         quad-precision floating-point instructions. The  result-
         ing object code is in ELF format. It will not execute on
         a Solaris V8 system (a machine with a V8 processor).  It
         will  execute  on a Solaris V8+ system. This combination
         is a SPARC 64-bit processor and a 32-bit OS.



     -xarch=v8plusa

         This option instructs the assembler to  accept  instruc-
         tions  defined  in  the  SPARC-V9 architecture, less the
         quad-precision  floating-point  instructions,  plus  the
         instructions  in  the  Visual Instruction Set (VIS). The
         resulting object code is in V8+ ELF format. It will  not
         execute on a Solaris V8 system (a machine with a V8 pro-
         cessor). It will execute on a Solaris V8+ system



     -xarch=v8plusb

         This option enables the assembler to accept instructions
         defined  in the SPARC-V9 architecture, plus the instruc-
         tions  in  the  Visual  Instruction  Set   (VIS),   with
         UltraSPARC-III  extensions. The resulting object code is
         in  V8+  ELF32  format.   It   executes   only   on   an
         UltraSPARC-III processor.



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User Commands                                               as(1)



     -xarch=v9

         This option limits the instruction set to  the  SPARC-V9
         architecture.  The  resulting .o object files are in 64-
         bit ELF format and can only be linked with other  object
         files  in  the same format. The resulting executable can
         only be run on a 64-bit SPARC processor  running  64-bit
         Solaris with the 64-bit kernel.



     -xarch=v9a

         This option limits the instruction set to  the  SPARC-V9
         architecture,  adding  the  Visual Instruction Set (VIS)
         and extensions specific to  UltraSPARC  processors.  The
         resulting  .o  object files are in 64-bit ELF format and
         can only be linked with other object files in  the  same
         format.  The  resulting  executable can only be run on a
         64-bit SPARC processor running 64-bit Solaris  with  the
         64-bit kernel.



     -xarch=v9b

         This option enables the assembler to accept instructions
         defined  in  the  SPARC-V9 architecture, plus the Visual
         Instruction Set (VIS), with  UltraSPARC-III  extensions.
         The  resulting  .o  object files are in ELF64 format and
         can only be linked with other V9  object  files  in  the
         same format. The resulting executable can only be run on
         a 64-bit UltraSPARC-III pro  cessor  running   a  64-bit
         Solaris operating environment with the 64-bit kernel.



  Options for x86 Only
     --xarch=generic64

         Limits the  instruction  set  to  AMD64.  The  resulting
         object code is in 64-bit ELF format.



     --xarch=amd64

         Limits the  instruction  set  to  AMD64.  The  resulting
         object code is in 64-bit ELF format.






SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Sep 2005                    6






User Commands                                               as(1)



     -xmodel=[SMALL | KERNEL]

         For AMD64 only, generate R_X86_64_32S  relocatable  type
         for static data access under KERNEL. Otherwise, generate
         R_X86_64_32 under SMALL. SMALL is the default.



OPERANDS
     The following operand is supported:

     filename        Assembly language source file



ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
     TMPDIR          The as command  normally  creates  temporary
                     files  in the directory /tmp. Another direc-
                     tory  may  be  specified  by   setting   the
                     environment  variable  TMPDIR  to the chosen
                     directory.  (If TMPDIR is not a valid direc-
                     tory, then as will use /tmp).



FILES
     By default, as creates its temporary files in /tmp.

ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:

     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWsprot                   |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


SEE ALSO
     cc(1B), cpp(1),ld(1), m4(1),  nm(1),  strip(1),  tmpnam(3C),
     a.out(4), attributes(5)

     dbx and analyzer manual  pages  available  with  Sun  Studio
     documentation.

NOTES
     If the -m option, which invokes the m4(1)  macro  processor,
     is  used,  keywords  for m4 cannot be used as symbols (vari-
     ables, functions, labels) in the input file, since m4 cannot
     determine  which  keywords  are  assembler symbols and which
     keywords are real m4 macros.



SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Sep 2005                    7






User Commands                                               as(1)



     Whenever possible, access the assembler through  a  compila-
     tion system interface program such as cc(1B).

     All undefined symbols are treated as global.



















































SunOS 5.10          Last change: 16 Sep 2005                    8

arch man page

User Commands                                             arch(1)



NAME
     arch - display the architecture of the current host

SYNOPSIS
     arch [-k | archname]

DESCRIPTION
     The arch utility displays the  application  architecture  of
     the  current host system. Due to extensive historical use of
     this command without any options, all SunOS 5.x SPARC  based
     systems  will  return  "sun4" as their application architec-
     ture. Use of this command is discouraged. See NOTES  section
     below.

     Systems can be broadly classified  by  their  architectures,
     which  define what executables will run on which machines. A
     distinction can be  made  between  kernel  architecture  and
     application  architecture  (or,  commonly,  just  "architec-
     ture"). Machines that run different kernels due to  underly-
     ing  hardware differences may be able to run the same appli-
     cation programs.

OPTIONS
     -k       Displays the kernel architecture,  such  as  sun4u.
              This  defines  which specific SunOS kernel will run
              on the machine, and has implications only for  pro-
              grams  that  depend  on  the kernel explicitly (for
              example, ps(1)).



OPERANDS
     The following operand is supported:

     archname        Use archname to determine whether the appli-
                     cation  binaries for this application archi-
                     tecture can run on the current host  system.
                     The   archname  must  be a valid application
                     architecture, such as  sun4, i86pc,  and  so
                     forth.

                     If application binaries for archname can run
                     on  the  current  host  system,  TRUE (0) is
                     returned. Otherwise,  FALSE (1) is returned.



EXIT STATUS
     The following exit values are returned:

     0        Successful completion.




SunOS 5.10          Last change: 21 Oct 2002                    1






User Commands                                             arch(1)



     >0       An error occurred.



ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:

     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWcsu                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|


SEE ALSO
     mach(1), ps(1), uname(1), attributes(5)

NOTES
     This command is provided  for  compatibility  with  previous
     releases and its use is discouraged. Instead, the uname com-
     mand is recommended. See  uname(1) for usage information.

































SunOS 5.10          Last change: 21 Oct 2002                    2