So, during initial stage of new job keep your focus to understand the historical information about current environment , from the existing team, whenever you get a chance to discuss about it.
1. Know job scope of your team
Team scope is something which is very important to know right immediate you join to a new job because it will give you an idea to decide your ‘ priorities of learning’ related to the new job.
For example, if you join into a team in a large organization where the scope of the team is to support a set of servers which have only database but nothing else then your priority will immediately change to understand “how the Database works on Unix , and basics of DB terminology” , at the same time your team not supporting any DNS, NIS, DHCP servers and all of them were under control of different team so you will not worry about those servers in your initial learning.
2. Know about Technical architecture of environment
Technical Architecture of Environment talks about below points :
a. How many Total servers( commonly called as “Server FootPrint” ) we are supporting and where they are actually located ( i.e. Data center information ) ?
b. What Operating Systems are in use right now, and what are the supported hardware models?
c. What are the Operating environments that team supporting now? e.g. Production , Testing or Developement
d. What are the applications currently running on our server environment, and who is using them? e.g. sybase, clearcase, weblogic .. etc.
e. What Storage is in use right now, and What sort of Console systems we are using to connect to the Servers remotely? EMC, Netapp, Cyclades Consoles ..etc.
f. What storage management software is in use in which operating systems? e.g. LVM, VxVM , ZFS …etc.
3. Know about procedures and escalation
Ideally, any system administrator should deal with three types of operations:
a. Break / Fix activities ( Widely known as incidents )
This mainly involves in fixing the issues that encountered in a properly working environment. e.g. disk failure on a server, unix server crashed due to overload, network failed due to network port problem…etc.
b. Changes and Service Requests
Change operations mainly involves, introducing configuration/hardware/application change in the currently running environment either ‘for the purpose of improved stability’ or ‘for the purpose of improved security”, in the current environment.
Service Requests involves performing operations on specific user requests like creating user accounts, changing permissions, installing new server ( called server commission), removing a server( called server decommission) …etc.
c. Auditing the Server environment to identify the Quality of Service (QoS)
This mainly involves periodic checking of all the servers to identify if there are any configuration or security vulnerabilities which compromises the stability of server environment. And remediation of such vulnerabilities by requesting changes in the configuration.
To perform above three kinds of operations , every organization will have internal rules to identify ‘ how to act ? ‘, ‘when to act?’ , ‘what to act?’ . And these rules will vary from job to job, during the initial stage of your job you should understand these rules and perform your duties accordingly.
Note : ITIL ( Information Technology Infrastructure Library) talks about the guidelines to define the above rules in a standard way in any IT related organization. Now a days, major companies streamlining their procedures to meet with these ITIL guidelines so that it will be easy to manage the environment although the people who created that environment leaves the organization. Learning ITIL is always beneficial to system admins( or any Infrastructure Support person).
4. Supporting tools/applications and your access to them
To Perform the Support operations discussed in the above point, organizations needs to have proper tools/applications to facilitate their employees and support people to ‘request and respond’ in automated way as per the procedures defined in the organization. E.g. Remedy Ticketing tool , HP Service Manager ..etc.
Once you join to a new team, just make sure you have requested your access to all the related tools in time and tested the access.
5. Intercommunication Procedures with Other Support Teams and Vendors
Being a System Admin, major part of our day job involves communication with other support teams like. Database Team, Network Team, Application Team, Hardware Vendors, Data Center Support Team … etc.
For successful service delivery, it is important to system administrators to have all of their contact details ( .. like Phone, email and Internal Chat IDs ) handy. So gather the information and make a good document which you can use in your job. It is very important to write down this information and keep it safe, because most of the times the minor issues turns into major problems if we don’t know whom to contact right immediate we noticed the issue.
6. Know where to find the information
Every Team will have some kind of documentation which explains the operations performed by the team, and this documentation gives you more information than any individual can share to you. Unfortunately, reading all these documents doesn’t help us to understand what is actually going in the job during our initial stage in the team, but the same documents might save your life once you actively start working in the team.
During Initial stage, just gather the information about where the documentation is saved and get the access to it. And quickly go through entire documentation( you don’t need to remember everything you read) , so that you will know where to find the information when you are looking for a specific piece of information related to a specific issue.
7. Know Important infrastructure server’s Details
Ideally, System administrators will classify their servers in two groups , first set is ‘ the servers which are used by users ( e.g. Database Servers / Application server ) and second set is ‘ the infrastructure Servers which are used to manage the first set of servers effectively’ ( e.g. Jumpstart Remote Installation Servers, DHCP , DNS , NIS , LDAP servers ..etc) .
As i explained in the point 1, you may or may not manage these infrastructure servers depending on the scope of your team, but you must know the details of these servers because every other server in your environment depends on these infrastructure servers.
Below are the important question you can try to find answers, during the initial stage of job:
a. What Name servers( DNS / NIS / LDAP ) we are using, and what are the names / aliases / IPs of those servers ?
b. What remote installation ( jumpstart/ kickstart) servers we are using and our access to them ?
c. Whether there is any DHCP server available in the environment or is it managed by customized tools? E.g. QIP …etc.
8. Get Ready with appropriate logistics
Every Unix administrator starts his work by requesting his access to a Windows product ( Desktop Access / Outlook ) . The moment you join into a new job, start requesting your access to your desktop PC login, Voip phone ( with international dialing if your job requires to call overseas ), Email account, internal Chat messenger access, Data center Access ( if your job requires physical access to DC) , and smart cards / Security tokens …etc.
The moment you get your email access, you may have to manage the flood of emails that is coming to your team every day, you might have to create appropriate Outlook rules to filter out emails which you don’t have to respond during the first one or two months of new job. Later, you can slowly start reading and responding them once you actual ready to work on the floor.
9. Areas of Automation, and the specific details
System Administrator cannot survive his job if he doesn’t know how to automate the work ( using scripting) that he is doing repeatedly. And whenever you join a new team, you should specifically ask for the information about any automated scripts which in place and used to perform day-to-day job.
Most of the time, system admins make scripts to perform daily/weekly system health checks and they might be running regularly from some specific servers using Cron scheduler. It is better to know them before hand, so that it will help you if you want to introduce your own scripts for the team’s benefit.
10. Understanding monitoring alerts and response procedures
As I explained in the point 8, you will receive tons of mail the moment you added your email id to team DL ( email distribution list), and major part of the mails could be from automated monitoring system which checks health status of your server environment and informs the system admin team, right immediate it notices an issue. If you are start receiving such mails, don’t just ignore them because you don’t know what to do with them. Actually you have note these alerts and keep raising questions with your team to know how to respond these alerts.
And also keep auto notice reminders in your outlook, for some of the important are alerts which are critical and urgent in their nature, so that you wont miss them.
What your experience says about this, just share with us …
if you see this post useful then share it back, so that some of your friends who are changing their jobs can benefit from this
1. Know job scope of your team
Team scope is something which is very important to know right immediate you join to a new job because it will give you an idea to decide your ‘ priorities of learning’ related to the new job.
For example, if you join into a team in a large organization where the scope of the team is to support a set of servers which have only database but nothing else then your priority will immediately change to understand “how the Database works on Unix , and basics of DB terminology” , at the same time your team not supporting any DNS, NIS, DHCP servers and all of them were under control of different team so you will not worry about those servers in your initial learning.
2. Know about Technical architecture of environment
Technical Architecture of Environment talks about below points :
a. How many Total servers( commonly called as “Server FootPrint” ) we are supporting and where they are actually located ( i.e. Data center information ) ?
b. What Operating Systems are in use right now, and what are the supported hardware models?
c. What are the Operating environments that team supporting now? e.g. Production , Testing or Developement
d. What are the applications currently running on our server environment, and who is using them? e.g. sybase, clearcase, weblogic .. etc.
e. What Storage is in use right now, and What sort of Console systems we are using to connect to the Servers remotely? EMC, Netapp, Cyclades Consoles ..etc.
f. What storage management software is in use in which operating systems? e.g. LVM, VxVM , ZFS …etc.
3. Know about procedures and escalation
Ideally, any system administrator should deal with three types of operations:
a. Break / Fix activities ( Widely known as incidents )
This mainly involves in fixing the issues that encountered in a properly working environment. e.g. disk failure on a server, unix server crashed due to overload, network failed due to network port problem…etc.
b. Changes and Service Requests
Change operations mainly involves, introducing configuration/hardware/application change in the currently running environment either ‘for the purpose of improved stability’ or ‘for the purpose of improved security”, in the current environment.
Service Requests involves performing operations on specific user requests like creating user accounts, changing permissions, installing new server ( called server commission), removing a server( called server decommission) …etc.
c. Auditing the Server environment to identify the Quality of Service (QoS)
This mainly involves periodic checking of all the servers to identify if there are any configuration or security vulnerabilities which compromises the stability of server environment. And remediation of such vulnerabilities by requesting changes in the configuration.
To perform above three kinds of operations , every organization will have internal rules to identify ‘ how to act ? ‘, ‘when to act?’ , ‘what to act?’ . And these rules will vary from job to job, during the initial stage of your job you should understand these rules and perform your duties accordingly.
Note : ITIL ( Information Technology Infrastructure Library) talks about the guidelines to define the above rules in a standard way in any IT related organization. Now a days, major companies streamlining their procedures to meet with these ITIL guidelines so that it will be easy to manage the environment although the people who created that environment leaves the organization. Learning ITIL is always beneficial to system admins( or any Infrastructure Support person).
4. Supporting tools/applications and your access to them
To Perform the Support operations discussed in the above point, organizations needs to have proper tools/applications to facilitate their employees and support people to ‘request and respond’ in automated way as per the procedures defined in the organization. E.g. Remedy Ticketing tool , HP Service Manager ..etc.
Once you join to a new team, just make sure you have requested your access to all the related tools in time and tested the access.
5. Intercommunication Procedures with Other Support Teams and Vendors
Being a System Admin, major part of our day job involves communication with other support teams like. Database Team, Network Team, Application Team, Hardware Vendors, Data Center Support Team … etc.
For successful service delivery, it is important to system administrators to have all of their contact details ( .. like Phone, email and Internal Chat IDs ) handy. So gather the information and make a good document which you can use in your job. It is very important to write down this information and keep it safe, because most of the times the minor issues turns into major problems if we don’t know whom to contact right immediate we noticed the issue.
6. Know where to find the information
Every Team will have some kind of documentation which explains the operations performed by the team, and this documentation gives you more information than any individual can share to you. Unfortunately, reading all these documents doesn’t help us to understand what is actually going in the job during our initial stage in the team, but the same documents might save your life once you actively start working in the team.
During Initial stage, just gather the information about where the documentation is saved and get the access to it. And quickly go through entire documentation( you don’t need to remember everything you read) , so that you will know where to find the information when you are looking for a specific piece of information related to a specific issue.
7. Know Important infrastructure server’s Details
Ideally, System administrators will classify their servers in two groups , first set is ‘ the servers which are used by users ( e.g. Database Servers / Application server ) and second set is ‘ the infrastructure Servers which are used to manage the first set of servers effectively’ ( e.g. Jumpstart Remote Installation Servers, DHCP , DNS , NIS , LDAP servers ..etc) .
As i explained in the point 1, you may or may not manage these infrastructure servers depending on the scope of your team, but you must know the details of these servers because every other server in your environment depends on these infrastructure servers.
Below are the important question you can try to find answers, during the initial stage of job:
a. What Name servers( DNS / NIS / LDAP ) we are using, and what are the names / aliases / IPs of those servers ?
b. What remote installation ( jumpstart/ kickstart) servers we are using and our access to them ?
c. Whether there is any DHCP server available in the environment or is it managed by customized tools? E.g. QIP …etc.
8. Get Ready with appropriate logistics
Every Unix administrator starts his work by requesting his access to a Windows product ( Desktop Access / Outlook ) . The moment you join into a new job, start requesting your access to your desktop PC login, Voip phone ( with international dialing if your job requires to call overseas ), Email account, internal Chat messenger access, Data center Access ( if your job requires physical access to DC) , and smart cards / Security tokens …etc.
The moment you get your email access, you may have to manage the flood of emails that is coming to your team every day, you might have to create appropriate Outlook rules to filter out emails which you don’t have to respond during the first one or two months of new job. Later, you can slowly start reading and responding them once you actual ready to work on the floor.
9. Areas of Automation, and the specific details
System Administrator cannot survive his job if he doesn’t know how to automate the work ( using scripting) that he is doing repeatedly. And whenever you join a new team, you should specifically ask for the information about any automated scripts which in place and used to perform day-to-day job.
Most of the time, system admins make scripts to perform daily/weekly system health checks and they might be running regularly from some specific servers using Cron scheduler. It is better to know them before hand, so that it will help you if you want to introduce your own scripts for the team’s benefit.
10. Understanding monitoring alerts and response procedures
As I explained in the point 8, you will receive tons of mail the moment you added your email id to team DL ( email distribution list), and major part of the mails could be from automated monitoring system which checks health status of your server environment and informs the system admin team, right immediate it notices an issue. If you are start receiving such mails, don’t just ignore them because you don’t know what to do with them. Actually you have note these alerts and keep raising questions with your team to know how to respond these alerts.
And also keep auto notice reminders in your outlook, for some of the important are alerts which are critical and urgent in their nature, so that you wont miss them.
What your experience says about this, just share with us …
if you see this post useful then share it back, so that some of your friends who are changing their jobs can benefit from this
Speaking of joining a new team, I'm a software engineer with a fair amount of informal experience in Gentoo system administration looking to switch jobs. Do you have a few pointers what an employer might look for in a resume and interview? Much appreciation in advance. :)
ReplyDelete@Unix Tech
ReplyDeleteBased on experience, your resume will be read by the hiring team leaders. To impress them, put all the relevant experience and projects that you have done in the past or you are currently involved with. Putting something in your resume that you are not totally familiar with will blow your chance away. So be very truthful with your listings in your resume.
Here are some of the most sought skills BESIDES the USUAL ADMIN SKILLS.
1.) Build. If you have done any UNIX OS installation. That is an asset. Specially if you have manage it from development up to production stage.
2.) Console familiarization. You really need this. In many instances the Console is your only friend.
3.) Jump start. If you have experience in jump starting a server. This is really a good plus.
I think the rest are process related, and can be learned during shadowing sessions.
Good lock to your job hunt.
Hi Admin,
ReplyDeleteI am going to switch to a new company this 10 points. makes me comfortable. Adding to the note. Admins should identify critical server's like cluster server, RAC, and any other master server's which used for sharing like NFS etc... small suggestion my end.